Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Synephrine, an alkaloid found naturally in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), is commonly included in dietary supplements marketed for weight loss and bodybuilding. The rationale behind its use in bodybuilding is primarily related to its purported effects on metabolism and fat oxidation. Synephrine is structurally similar to ephedrine, a now-banned stimulant, and is thought to increase energy expenditure and promote fat loss by stimulating adrenergic receptors. Several small-scale studies have shown that synephrine can modestly increase resting metabolic rate and energy expenditure in humans, but these effects are generally mild. As a result, synephrine is often promoted as a ‘fat burner’ to help bodybuilders reduce body fat while preserving lean muscle mass during cutting phases.

However, scientific evidence supporting its efficacy for muscle growth or direct bodybuilding benefits is limited. Most studies focus on weight loss and metabolic rate, not on strength, muscle mass, or exercise performance. Additionally, the safety profile of synephrine, especially at higher doses or in combination with other stimulants, remains under scrutiny due to potential cardiovascular risks such as increased heart rate and blood pressure. In summary, while there is some scientific evidence that synephrine may aid in fat loss, its direct benefits for bodybuilding are not well established, and the overall quality of evidence is low to moderate.

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