Sodium butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, has garnered interest in recent years for its potential role in supporting individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The rationale behind its use is primarily based on its effects on the gut-brain axis and its anti-inflammatory properties. In animal models, sodium butyrate has been shown to influence neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, and gene expression through histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. Some preclinical studies suggest that sodium butyrate supplementation can attenuate autism-like behaviors in rodents, possibly by modulating gut microbiota composition and reducing intestinal inflammation.

However, despite these promising findings in laboratory settings, clinical evidence in humans with autism is extremely limited. There are currently no large, well-controlled clinical trials directly evaluating the efficacy or safety of sodium butyrate supplementation in children or adults with ASD. Most human research remains preliminary, focusing on related areas such as gut health or neuroinflammation in general, without clear translation to autism treatment.

In summary, while the use of sodium butyrate for autism is supported by some basic scientific rationale and preclinical data, there is not yet sufficient clinical evidence to endorse its use as a treatment for ASD. Its use is currently experimental, and more robust human studies are required to determine its true therapeutic potential and safety profile in this context.