Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 5

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is scientifically validated for the treatment and prevention of certain types of anemia, particularly megaloblastic anemia and pernicious anemia. These conditions are caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12, which is essential for DNA synthesis and normal red blood cell formation in the bone marrow. Without adequate vitamin B12, red blood cells become large, immature, and dysfunctional, resulting in megaloblastic anemia.

The relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and anemia was elucidated in the early 20th century, particularly through research on pernicious anemia, a previously fatal disease. The discovery that liver (rich in B12) could treat pernicious anemia led to the identification and isolation of vitamin B12. Subsequent studies have shown that oral or intramuscular administration of vitamin B12 reverses the hematological abnormalities and resolves the anemia in deficient individuals.

Vitamin B12 supplementation is not indicated for all types of anemia, but it is the standard of care for anemia caused by B12 deficiency, whether due to dietary insufficiency, malabsorption (e.g., pernicious anemia, gastrointestinal surgery), or inherited disorders of B12 metabolism. Guidelines from major medical organizations support its use in these contexts. The evidence base includes randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and extensive clinical experience.

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