Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (PQQ) is a redox cofactor and antioxidant compound that has garnered some interest for its potential neuroprotective properties, including possible applications in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Preclinical studies have shown that PQQ can reduce oxidative stress, inhibit the aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, and protect neurons from excitotoxicity—all of which are pathogenic features of AD. For example, several animal model studies have reported that PQQ administration can improve cognitive function and reduce markers of oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. Biochemical data also suggest that PQQ may enhance mitochondrial function, further supporting neuronal health.

However, human evidence is very limited. A few small clinical studies have explored PQQ's effects on cognitive performance in healthy adults or in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with some reporting modest benefits, but none have specifically targeted Alzheimer's patients or provided robust, long-term outcomes. No large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have directly examined PQQ supplementation as a treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. Therefore, while there is a scientific rationale and supportive preclinical data, the clinical evidence base is currently insufficient to justify its use as a treatment or established supportive intervention for Alzheimer's Disease. The rating of 2 reflects promising mechanisms and animal data, but a lack of strong human evidence.

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