Melanoma

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Other names for Melanoma

Malignant melanoma
Skin cancer (melanocytic)
Cutaneous melanoma
Pigmented skin tumor

Synopsis of Melanoma

Melanoma is a serious and potentially life-threatening form of skin cancer that originates in melanocytes—the pigment-producing cells of the skin. While it accounts for a small percentage of skin cancer cases, it causes the majority of skin cancer deaths due to its aggressive nature and potential to spread (metastasize) rapidly to other organs if not caught early.

Melanoma most commonly develops on:

  • Sun-exposed areas (back, legs, arms, face)

  • But can also arise in less exposed regions (under nails, soles, eyes, or genitals)

  • It can occur in any skin tone but is often more dangerous in darker skin due to later detection

Key warning signs include (ABCDEs of melanoma):

  • Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn’t match the other

  • Border: Edges are irregular, ragged, or blurred

  • Color: Multiple colors or uneven color distribution

  • Diameter: Larger than 6mm (about the size of a pencil eraser)

  • Evolving: Changes in size, shape, color, or symptoms (itching, bleeding)

Common types of melanoma:

  • Superficial spreading melanoma (most common)

  • Nodular melanoma (more aggressive)

  • Lentigo maligna melanoma (usually on sun-damaged skin)

  • Acral lentiginous melanoma (palms, soles, nails—more common in people with darker skin)

Risk factors include:

  • UV radiation (sun exposure or tanning beds)

  • Fair skin, freckles, light hair

  • Family or personal history of melanoma

  • History of sunburns or excessive sun exposure

  • Numerous or atypical moles

  • Weakened immune system

When to see a doctor:
Any suspicious mole or pigmented lesion that changes in appearance or feels different should be examined by a dermatologist. Diagnosis is confirmed by skin biopsy, and staging may involve imaging or sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Natural remedies for Melanoma

Avoid Further UV Exposure: Use sunscreen, hats, and protective clothing.

Follow an Anti-Inflammatory Diet: Rich in antioxidants, healthy fats, and fiber.

Stay Physically Active (if medically cleared): Supports immune function and healing.

Use Gentle Skincare: Avoid irritating products on or near affected areas.

Support Mental Health: Counseling and support groups can aid coping with diagnosis and treatment.