Synopsis

Abrasions are superficial wounds that occur when the skin rubs or scrapes against a rough surface, damaging the outer layers (epidermis). Unlike deeper cuts, abrasions typically don’t penetrate through the skin, though they can still cause pain, redness, and minor bleeding. These wounds are common in falls, accidents, or sports injuries and are generally minor, healing within a few days to a week depending on the severity. Infection is a primary concern if dirt or debris enters the wound.

Types:

• First-degree abrasions: Affect only the outer layer of skin (epidermis); usually mild redness and slight discomfort.

• Second-degree abrasions: Involve the epidermis and part of the dermis (second skin layer); may cause bleeding and more pain.

• Third-degree abrasions: Rare in simple scrapes but could occur in severe trauma; damage extends deeper into skin layers.

Common Causes:

• Falls on rough surfaces: Such as pavement, gravel, or concrete.

• Sports injuries: Contact sports or activities like cycling, running, or skating.

• Accidental scraping: Brushing against rough walls, floors, or surfaces.

• Occupational hazards: Construction or manual labor environments increase the likelihood of abrasions.

• Motor vehicle or bike accidents: Often lead to "road rash," a more severe form of abrasion.

More Severe Causes (Complications):

• Infection: Dirt or bacteria entering the wound can lead to redness, swelling, pus, and increased pain.

• Delayed healing: If the wound is large, improperly cleaned, or in high-friction areas like joints.

• Scarring: More likely with second-degree abrasions or if infections develop.

• Tetanus risk: From contaminated wounds if vaccination is outdated.

When to See a Doctor:

• If the abrasion is large, deep, or involves sensitive areas (face, joints, genitals).

• Signs of infection: increased redness, warmth, swelling, pus, or worsening pain.

• If embedded debris can’t be removed.

• Tetanus vaccination is outdated (no booster within the last 5–10 years).

• If healing does not progress within a week or worsens.

Variant names

Scrapes
Grazes
Skin scrapes
Surface wounds
Superficial wounds