Thyroid Gland

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Other names for Thyroid Gland

thyroid
thyroidea

Synopsis of Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck, just below the larynx (voice box), wrapping around the trachea (windpipe). It plays a critical role in regulating metabolism, energy production, growth, and body temperature through the secretion of thyroid hormones.

The thyroid produces three key hormones:

  • Thyroxine (T4): The main hormone released into the bloodstream, later converted into T3.

  • Triiodothyronine (T3): The active form that regulates cellular metabolism.

  • Calcitonin: Helps regulate calcium levels in the blood (to a lesser extent than parathyroid hormone).

Hormone production is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis:

  • The hypothalamus releases TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone).

  • The pituitary releases TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone).

  • The thyroid responds by releasing T4 and T3.

These hormones affect nearly every cell in the body, influencing heart rate, digestion, mood, reproductive health, and skin/hair integrity.

Thyroid dysfunction is common and can significantly impact quality of life. Major conditions include:

  • Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid, often due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or iodine deficiency. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, and depression.

  • Hyperthyroidism: Overactive thyroid, often from Graves’ disease. Symptoms include anxiety, weight loss, heat intolerance, heart palpitations, and irritability.

  • Goiter: Enlargement of the thyroid, sometimes from iodine deficiency or autoimmune activity.

  • Thyroid nodules or cancer: Often asymptomatic but may be detected via imaging or physical exam.

  • Subclinical thyroid disease: Lab abnormalities with mild or no symptoms, common in aging populations.

Thyroid function is assessed through blood tests measuring TSH, free T4, free T3, and thyroid antibodies (e.g., anti-TPO).

Natural remedies to support Thyroid Gland

Iodine: Essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, but must be balanced—both deficiency and excess can be harmful.

Selenium and zinc: Required for the conversion of T4 to T3 and antioxidant protection of thyroid tissue.

Vitamin D: Modulates immune function and may reduce thyroid autoimmunity.

Ashwagandha and rhodiola: Adaptogens that support thyroid hormone balance and HPT axis resilience.

Omega-3 fatty acids and turmeric: Help manage inflammation in autoimmune thyroid conditions.

Avoid endocrine disruptors: Found in plastics, pesticides, and personal care products, which can impair thyroid hormone signaling.

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