Testosterone

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Other names for Testosterone

androgen hormone
male sex hormone (though also present in females)

Synopsis of Testosterone

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid produced mainly by the Leydig cells of the testes in men and, to a lesser extent, by the ovaries and adrenal glands in women. It plays a central role in sexual development, reproductive function, muscle growth, bone density, red blood cell production, and mood regulation.

Testosterone production is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis:

  • The hypothalamus releases GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone), which signals the pituitary to release LH (luteinizing hormone).

  • LH then stimulates the testes to produce testosterone.

Normal levels vary with age, sex, and time of day, typically peaking in the morning. While testosterone is often associated with male traits, it is also essential for libido, bone strength, and mood in both men and women.

Abnormal testosterone levels can lead to a wide range of health issues:

  • Low testosterone (hypogonadism): Symptoms may include fatigue, low libido, erectile dysfunction, loss of muscle mass, depression, weight gain, and infertility.

  • High testosterone (less common): May result from steroid abuse, tumors, or hormone therapy, and can lead to acne, aggression, or prostate growth.

Causes of low testosterone include:

  • Aging (natural decline after age 30)

  • Chronic stress

  • Obesity

  • Nutritional deficiencies (zinc, vitamin D)

  • Medications (opioids, steroids)

  • Illness (diabetes, sleep apnea, pituitary disorders)

Diagnosis is made via blood tests, typically in the morning when levels are highest.

Natural remedies to support Testosterone

Strength training: Especially heavy, compound movements (e.g., squats, deadlifts) are powerful testosterone boosters.

Adequate sleep: Poor sleep can significantly lower testosterone levels.

Healthy fats: Cholesterol-based foods (e.g., eggs, avocados, nuts) are essential for hormone production.

Stress management: Chronic cortisol elevation suppresses testosterone.

Weight loss (if overweight): Excess fat tissue converts testosterone to estrogen via aromatase.

Limit alcohol and avoid endocrine disruptors: Found in plastics and personal care products.

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