Skeletal System (Bones)
Synopsis of Skeletal System (Bones)
The skeletal system is the structural foundation of the body, composed of 206 bones in adults, along with cartilage, ligaments, and joints. It provides support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production. Bones are living tissues that constantly remodel through processes of resorption (breakdown) and formation.
Key functions include:
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Support: Maintains body shape and posture.
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Protection: Shields vital organs (e.g., skull protects the brain, rib cage protects the heart and lungs).
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Movement: Muscles attach to bones and pull them for locomotion.
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Mineral storage: Especially calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.
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Hematopoiesis: Red and white blood cells are made in the red marrow of certain bones.
The skeletal system consists of two main divisions:
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Axial skeleton: Skull, spine, and rib cage.
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Appendicular skeleton: Limbs and girdles (pelvic and shoulder bones).
Bone health is influenced by age, hormones, nutrition, and activity levels. Common disorders include:
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Osteoporosis: Loss of bone mass and density, increasing fracture risk—especially in postmenopausal women and the elderly.
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Osteopenia: Early-stage bone loss that can progress to osteoporosis.
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Fractures: Result from trauma or weakened bones.
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Arthritis: Though primarily a joint disorder, inflammation can affect surrounding bones.
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Rickets and osteomalacia: Softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency (in children and adults, respectively).
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Paget’s disease: Abnormal bone remodeling leading to deformities and weakened structure.
Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D regulate bone turnover. Imbalances can impair bone strength and mineralization.
Natural remedies to support Skeletal System (Bones)
Weight-bearing exercise: Walking, resistance training, and jumping stimulate bone formation.
Calcium and magnesium: Essential minerals for bone density and structure.
Vitamin D: Crucial for calcium absorption and bone metabolism.
Vitamin K2: Helps direct calcium to bones and away from soft tissues.
Collagen: Provides the structural matrix for bone tissue.
Boron and silica: Trace minerals that support bone mineralization and flexibility.
Anti-inflammatory diet: Reduces chronic inflammation that may impair bone repair.
Ingredients
These raw ingredients are often used in alternative medicine to support Skeletal System (Bones).
alfalfa
allspice
alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin
alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG)
amino acids
bamboo
barley
beet
beta caryophyllene
sesame
black tea
blueberry
boron
Indian frankincense
bovine
bovine collagen
bovine gelatin
broccoli
calcium
cartilage
cat's claw
caterpillar mushroom
Chinese salvia root
chondroitin
cissus quadrangularis
collagen
collard
conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
copper
cuspidatum root
devil's claw
fish oil
fish protein
gamma tocopherol
gelatin
genistein
genistin
glycitin
green lipped mussel
horsetail
ipriflavone
iron
kudzu
l-lysine
l-valine
lactobacillus helveticus
magnesium
manganese
microcrystalline hydroxyapatite concentrate (MCHC)
milk
naringin
oyster mushroom
phosphorus
phytase
phytocannabinoids
pollen
protein
prune
rehmannia glutinosa
sardines
silica
silicon
slippery elm bark
soybean
spinach
strontium
thyme
trans-geranylgeraniol
trans-pterostilbene
almond fruit
ubiquinol
vegetable and fruit blend (proprietary)
vitamin C
vitamin D
vitamin D3
vitamin K
seaweed
water
whey protein
white willow
β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)
suma
boneset
mullein
bee pollen
lingzhi
sunflower
root tuber
ferulic acid
solomon's seal
amber
fern
eucommia
ganoderma
morinda
trace minerals
anemarrhena asphodeloides
hydrangea
barrenwort
yerba mate
wheat germ
noni
millet seed
herbal blend (proprietary)
algae
soy isoflavones
ashitaba
19-Nor-DHEA
17 beta-[1-ketoethyl]-androstane-3-one,17a-ol
17beta-(1-ketoethyl)-androstane-3-one, 17a-ol
3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid
3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
5-alpha-furost-20(22)-en-12-one-3 beta, 26-diol
5alpha-spirostan-2alpha,3beta, 5alpha-triol-6-OH
Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Ashwagandha
Ash
Arugula
Achyranthes bidentata
Amber
Antler
Asshide Glue
Alfalfa
Arginine Creatine
Angelica gigas nakai
Avian Cartilage
Amaranth
Amino Acid Chelate
Achyranthes
Alpha-Glycosyl Isoquercetin
Antler horn
Almond
Alpha ketoglutarate
Alpha-mannosidase
Allspice
Ajuga
Alkaloid (unspecified)
Anserina
Algas calcareas
Amentoflavone
Allium (unspecified)
Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Avenacoside
Alpha Lipoic Acid
Amino Acid (unspecified)
anthocyanidins
Alkaloids
Actaea spicata
Alpha-keto-boswellic acid
Apple
Acetylsalicylic acid
Algae protein
Amino Acid Blend/Complex
alkaloid
Anthocyanins
Avian (unspecified)
Antler Horn
Ant
Ant
Arani
Ash (unspecified)
Astragalin
Azomite
Animal protein
Bone
Bovine Collagen
Borax
Boar (unspecified)
Brassica oleracea (unspecified)
Baikal Skullcap
Botanical Blend
Bryonia
Black spruce
Boswellia serrata
Batavia cinnamon
Boswellic Acid
Bayleaf
Beef Protein
Black galingale
Beef
Boar
Bovine (unspecified)
Buffalo
Bone Marrow
Baicalein
Bovine Protein
Blend (Mineral)
Boron
biochanin
Broccoli
Basidiomycota
berry
Borate
Boswellia
Blend (Amino Acid/Protein)
Banyan
Boron
Boron (various)
Boswellia
Brown Rice
Beef
Boron Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Bone Protein
Bee products
Bone
Bone marrow
Berries (unspecified)
Brassica (unspecified)
Boron ascorbate
Butter oil
blend (herb/botanical)
Branched-Chain Amino Acids
bovine cartilage / glycosaminoglycan
Bamboo
Bruteridine
Boswellic acids
Bovine (unspecified)
Beef liver
Buckwheat
Bone morphogenetic protein
Boron picolinate
Cinnamon
Calcium d-Glucarate
Comfrey
Collard
Cartilage
Chondroitin (unspecified)
Chinese Silkvine
Coral
Caffeic acid analog
Cowpea
Casein Protein
Citrin
Cannabis
Chinese Mountain Ant
Coral
Conjugated Linoleic Acid
Calcium fructopyranose borate
Calcium leucine alpha-ketoisocaproate
Calcium Magnesium Citrate
Calcium tartrate
Calycosin
Carnosine
Citrate malate
Creatine glutamine
Cod Liver Oil
Calcium Iodide
Cordyceps
Cissus quadrangularis
Calories
caffeoylquinic acids
Calcium Ascorbate
Cynanchum wilfordii
chlorogenic acid
Calcium Beta-Hydroxybutyrate
Cassia Cinnamon
Calcium Palmitate
Cod Liver Oil
Collagen II
Cannabinoids
calcium Octanoate
Chicken Protein
Cordyceps
Calcium Formate
Chinese Pond Turtle
Chinese Clematis
Chuchuhuasi
Cistanche deserticola
Cruciferous
Calcium
Cordycepin
Complex
Calcium acetate
Chicken collagen
Calcium Folinate
Cyanotis Vaga
Collagen (unspecified)
Calcium
Calcium hydroxymethylbutyrate
Calcium alpha-ketoisocaproate
Calcium alpha-ketoglutarate
Chinese Dodder
Calcium Potassium Phosphate Citrate
Calcium magnesium phytate
Cistanche tubulosa
Cistanche
Chinese Mountain Ant
Collagen Peptides
Chinese pond turtle
Chicken
Comb
Calcium Bisphosphonate
Calcium borate
Calcium Glycerol Gluconate
Calcium hydroxycitrate
Catechin (unspecified)
Creatine leucine
Creatine-leucine
Copper oxide
Carbohydrate (mixed)
Campsiandra angustifolia
Calcium Fructoborate
Calcium Silicate
Collagen (mixed)
Cannabidiol
Copper Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Canihua
Cartilage
Chinese Pine
celery
Calcium borogluconate
Calcium hydroxyisopcaproate
Coenzyme Q-10
Cellulose silica
Connective tissue growth factor
Corallina officinalis
Cane Molasses
collagen (unknown source)
capsule
Collagen
Cordycepic acid
Cinnamonum burmannii
Chicken
Chondroitin Sulfate
Chinese Ash
Curculigo (unspecified)
Cistanche (unspecified)
Calcium 2-aminoethylphosphate
Calcium Arginine alpha-ketoisocaproate
Calcium fructate
Calcium Fructo-Oligosaccharides
Chrondroitin sulfate
Calcium Carbonate
Dioscorea collettii
Dolomite
Deer Root
Dehydroascorbic acid
Daidzein
Deer Velvet
Dihydrolipoic Acid
Dolomite
Drynaria
Dry Milk
Dioscorea nipponica
Deer Velvet
Date
Dipsacus asperloids
Deer
Devil's Claw
Dipsacus
epicatechin
Eggshell
Eurypeptides
Egg
Epimedium
English Walnut
Erythrina (unspecified)
Ergothioneine
Elk antler
Echinacosides
Eucommia
Eurypeptides
Epimedium extract
Egg
Ecdysteroids
Elthyl-Alpha-Guanido-Methyl-Ethanoate
Ecdysterone
Essential oil (unspecified)
European peony
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
Egg protein
Eucommia ulmoides
Ellagitannin
epicatechin
Estrogen
Fruit (unspecified)
Flavanol (mixture)
Free Form Amino Acid
Fulvic Acid
Flavonoid (mixture)
Fructoborate
Fish
fibroblast growth factors
Fomitopsis pinicola
Fungus
Fluorine
Flemingia philippinensis
Flavoglycosides
Fruit (unspecified)
fibroblast growth factors
Fish Liver oil
Foxtail millet
Fish
Fungus (unspecified)
Fish protein
Flour (unspecified,enriched)
Furanosteroid
Fish (including shell)
Forskolin
Flavones
fibroblast growth factor
Fish peptides (unspecified)
Fish (including shell)
Guggullipid resin
Ginsenosides
Ghee
Gelatin
Glycosaminoglycan
Growth factors
Gold
Gold
Ginseng
Guaiac
Glutamine (various)
Genistein
Glucosamine (mixed type)
Glucosamine (mixed)
Glucosamine (unspecified)
Glycine-alanyl-lysine-l-glutamine
Glycosaminoglycans
Ginsenoside
Green seaweed (unspecified)
Genistein
glycerophosphate
Glucosamine potassium sulfate
Gypsum
Gluconate
Glutamine precursor (unspecified)
Glucosamine Sulfate
Hu Zhang
Hydroxymethylbutyrate
Horse Gram
Horn
hydroxyproline
Haliotis
Hardwood Tree (unspecified)
Hesperetin
HMB Hydroxymethylbutyrate
Hydroxylysine
Horsetail
Human growth hormone
Hydrolyzed gelatin
Herbal Blend
Histidine alpha-ketoglutaric acid
Hydrolyzed beef collagen
Hemp
IP-6
Isoflavones (unspecified)
isoflavone (unspecified)
Insulin-like growth factor
Isoflavones
Indian Valerian
Ibutamoren
Ipriflavone
Iron
Iron
icariin
Ibutamoren
Ipriflavone
Insulin-Like Growth Factor
Isoflavones (mixed)
Isoquercetin
Jiaogulan
Javanese Turmeric
Jatoba
Korean Angelica
Ketosterones (unspecified)
Kaempferol
Kale
Kudzu
Korean Pine
Ketosterones
Leek
Lithothamnion
Ledebouriella (unspecified)
Liver
Lithothamnium
Legume protein
Ligandrol
Lignans (mixed)
Liver
Legume (unspecified)
Limestone
Lithothanmion
L-Leucine
leucine alpha-ketoglutarate
Lignans
Lasiosphaera fenzlii
Lactalbumin
Lactalbumin
Lithothamnion (unspecified)
Lipoic Acid
Lapis Stone
Molasses
Mineral Blend
Masson Pine
Manganese sulfate
Mum
Maral Root
Mother of Pearl
mineral (unspecified)
Mushroom protein
Marjoram
Marsh Tea
Magnesium Creatine
Magnesium Malate
Magnesium ascorbate
Magnesium ascorbate
Magnesium citrate oxide
Manganese
Manganese Lactate
Monoterpenes
Magnesiium
Mushrooms
Myricetin
Millet
Milk
Magnesium carbonate
Manganese Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Malay Bush
Metal Salt
Monocalcium phosphate
Molluscs
Mealy Kudzu
Mesenchyme
Magnesium Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Milk Protein
Manganese
Matapalo Tree
Manganese Malate
Milk Basic Protein
MK-677
Mesenchyme
Milk protein
Magnesium
Magnesium tartrate
Manganese picolinate
Myricetin
Marine colloids
Methylated silica
Mushroom (various)
Methoxylated flavones
Magnesium Citrate
Mushroom (unspecified)
Manganese Ascorbate
Magnesium Octanoate
Mother of Pearl
milk
Magnesium citrate malate
Magnesium
Magnesium citrate laurate
Nitric Oxide
Notopterygium
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide
N-Acetyl Galactosamine 4-sulfate
Nitrate (unspecified)
Oil (unspecified)
Ornithine ketoglutarate
Ostarine
Ox
Organic Greens
Oyster Mushroom
Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate
Osthole
Puerain
Proprietary Blend (Amino Acid/Protein)
peptides (unspecified)
Proteolytic enzyme (unspecified)
Prune
Pea (unspecified)
Proprietary Blend (Herb/Botanical)
Phytoecdysteroid
Potassium silicate
Polyphenols
Proprietary Blend (Vitamin)
Punicoside (unspecified)
Peptide (unspecified)
peanut butter
Proteoglycans
Polygonatum (unspecified)
Pentacyclic triterpenoids (unspecified)
Phosphate ascorbate
Polyamine (unspecified)
Proprietary Blend (Combination)
Proteolytic Enzymes (Proteases)
Plant oil (unspecified)
Protein (vegetable)
Phosphorus
Phosphate Salt
Protein
Peptide
Proprietary Blend (Dietary substance used by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total diet
Potassium Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Pleurotus eryngii
Parathyroid
Porcine (unspecified)
Pyrophosphate
Pearl
Pig
Proprietary Blend (Combination)
Polygonatum kingianum
Proteolytic Enzymes (Proteases)
Parasol Mushroom
Polygonatum
Punicalagins
Protein (unspecified)
polyphenols (various)
Porcine
Potato Yam
Polypeptide (unspecified)
Polygonatum cirrhifolium
Peptide (unspecified)
Phosphorus
Phytocannabinoid (unspecified)
Punicalagin
Platelet derived growth factor
Proprietary Blend (Herb/Botanical)
peanut
Phytoestrogen
Polymethoxylated flavones
Pearl
Pig
Parathyroid
Phycocyanins
Phytoestrogen (unspecified)
Polyphenols (mixed)
Polyphenols (npt specified)
Pollen (unspecified)
Peptides
Rhemannia
Rhaponticum carthamoides
Red-Rooted Sage
Roe
Resveratrol analog (unspecified)
Red Alage
Red Algae
Red seaweed (unspecified)
Resin (unspecified)
Rehmannia
Rhaponticum
Rye
Resveratrol
Resveratrol conjugates (mixed)
Rhododendron caucasicum
Red Sage
Softgel/ Soft gel
Strontium
Sulfate
Shark Cartilage
Solomon's Seal
Southern Prickly Ash
Savory (unspecified)
Snapdragon
Salicylate (unspecified)
Silicon
Sea vegetation (unspecified)
Silicon yeast
Soy
Soy Isoflavones
Sesame Seed
Silver Fir
Skim Milk
Strontium chloride
Sour Cherry
Strontium
Strontium
Sodium vanadate (unspecified)
Strontium oxide
Spanish Chestnut
Sea Cucumber
Saigon cinnamon
Siberian Solomon's Seal
Spantholobus
Sour Cherry
Seasoning (unspecified)
Somatropin
Seaweed (unspecified)
Soy Protein
Sesame
Sodium silicate
Secoisolariciresinol-diglucoside
Spatholobus (unspecified)
Silicate
Sinomenium acutum
Sea Cucumber
Shell
Stem Cells
Sesamolin
Sterones (unspecified)
Silica calcium phosphate
Silica cellulose
Selenium
serine proteinase
Silicic Acid
silica
Sterols
Shilajit
Strontium Carbonate
Shellfish
Sequoia
Shellfish Exoskeleton
seaweed
sunflower
Sinensetin
Terpene
Trachea
Turtle
Turkey
Taxifolin
Taxillus Sutchuenensis
Tea (not specified)
Taxillus chinensis
Transforming growth factor beta
Tree Peony
Tofu
Tayuya
Turmeric
Turtle
Tree Nut (unspecified)
Testosterone precursor (unspecified)
Tetrahydrocannabinol
Transforming growth factor
Trichopus zeylanicus
Type-A Polymers
Tall Kale
Tree (unspecified)
Triterpenoid (unspecified)
Uncaria (unspecified)
Ursolic Acid
Uncaria elliptica
Vitamin D2
Vitamin K (Phylloquinone)
Vitamin D (mixed)
Vervain
Vegetable (unspecified)
Vanadium
Vanadium ascorbate
Vitamin K (menaquinone)
Vitamin B9 (5-Methyltetrahydrofolate)
Vegetable Protein
Vitamin K (menadione)
Vitamin K mixed)
Vitamin K
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol)
Vitamin C (not specified)
Vitamin E (mixied tocopherols and tocotrienols)
Vitamin K (Mixed)
Vitamin D
Vitamin D3
Vitamin B
Vitamin D (cholecalciferol)
Vitamin K (unspecified)
Vitamin D (unspecified)
Velvet
Vitamin (unspecified)
Withanolides
Willow (unspecified)
White Willow
Wogonin
Withanolide
Walnut (unspecified)
White Ash
Willow
Wheat germ
Yam (unspecified)
Zinc alpha ketoglutarate
