Parathyroid Glands

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Other names for Parathyroid Glands

parathyroids
parathyroid bodies

Synopsis of Parathyroid Glands

The parathyroid glands are four tiny, oval-shaped glands located on the posterior (back) surface of the thyroid gland in the neck. Despite their location, they are functionally and hormonally distinct from the thyroid gland. Their primary role is to regulate the body's calcium and phosphate balance through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

PTH increases blood calcium levels by stimulating:

  • The release of calcium from bones (osteoclast activity)

  • Increased absorption of calcium in the intestines (via vitamin D activation)

  • Reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys while promoting phosphate excretion

These actions ensure adequate calcium levels for nerve conduction, muscle contraction, blood clotting, and bone health. The parathyroids work in close partnership with calcitonin (from the thyroid) and vitamin D to maintain mineral balance.

The function of the parathyroid glands is critical for calcium homeostasis, and imbalances can lead to significant health problems:

  • Hyperparathyroidism: Overproduction of PTH, often due to a benign tumor (adenoma), leads to elevated blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia). Symptoms may include kidney stones, bone loss, fatigue, depression, constipation, and muscle weakness.

  • Hypoparathyroidism: Underproduction of PTH, often after thyroid or neck surgery, results in low blood calcium (hypocalcemia), leading to symptoms like muscle cramps, tingling, spasms, and cardiac issues.

  • Parathyroid cancer: Rare, but can cause severe and persistent hypercalcemia.

Blood tests measuring PTH, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D levels are used to assess parathyroid function. Imaging may be used to locate abnormal glands when surgical removal is needed.

Natural remedies to support Parathyroid Glands

Calcium-rich foods: Dark leafy greens, sardines, almonds, and sesame seeds help support blood calcium levels.

Vitamin D: Essential for calcium absorption. Sunlight exposure and supplementation improve its availability.

Magnesium: Helps regulate PTH secretion and calcium metabolism.

Boron and vitamin K2: Support calcium placement in bones rather than soft tissues.

Avoid excess phosphorus: Found in processed foods, it can disturb calcium-phosphate balance.

Stress management: Chronic stress may disrupt endocrine balance and mineral metabolism.