Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein found in milk and other secretory fluids, known for its antiviral, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties. Its use for cold sores (herpes labialis, primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 1, HSV-1) is supported by preliminary scientific evidence, but is not a traditional remedy and is not yet considered a primary treatment in clinical practice.

In vitro studies have demonstrated that lactoferrin can inhibit HSV-1 infection by preventing the virus from attaching to and entering host cells. For example, research published in Antiviral Research (2004) showed that bovine lactoferrin interferes with HSV-1's ability to infect cultured cells. The proposed mechanisms include direct binding to viral particles and blockade of viral receptors on host cells. Some animal studies also report reduced severity of herpes infections with lactoferrin supplementation.

However, clinical trials in humans are limited. A few small studies and case reports suggest that lactoferrin, especially when combined with other immune-supportive agents, may reduce the frequency or severity of cold sore outbreaks. Still, these findings require confirmation in larger, well-designed trials.

In summary, while laboratory and preliminary animal data provide a scientific basis for lactoferrin's potential benefit against HSV-1, robust clinical evidence is lacking. Its use for cold sores is scientifically plausible but not firmly established. Further research is needed before it can be widely recommended for this purpose.

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