Propolis, a resinous substance collected by bees from plant sources, has been traditionally used in various cultures for oral health. In recent decades, scientific studies have investigated its potential benefits for the teeth and oral cavity. Research indicates that propolis possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties due to its complex composition of flavonoids, phenolics, and aromatic compounds.

Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that propolis extracts can inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, which are associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. Clinical trials have reported that mouthwashes and toothpastes containing propolis reduce dental plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and symptoms of periodontitis compared to placebo. Additionally, propolis has demonstrated some efficacy in promoting the healing of oral ulcers and reducing postoperative pain after dental procedures.

Despite these promising results, variations in propolis composition depending on geographic origin and extraction methods, as well as the limited size and methodological quality of some studies, suggest that more standardized and large-scale clinical trials are needed. Nevertheless, current evidence supports the use of propolis as a beneficial adjunct in oral hygiene and dental care.