Java tea

Other Names

ArjakBalbas PusaBarbifloreCat's MoustacheCat's WhiskersCay Bong BacClerodendranthus spicatusClerodendranthus stamineusClerodendrum spicatumHnwàd MêewIndian Kidney TeaJava ThéJavan TeaJavateepflanzeKabling-gubatKabling-parangKapen PreyKatzenbartKidney TeaKumis KucingKumis KutjingKumis UcingMao Xu CaoMisai KucingMoustaches de ChatMulisu-kuchinOcimum aristatumOcimum grandiflorumOrthosiphon aristatusOrthosiphon aristatus var. aristatusOrthosiphon grandiflorusOrthosiphon spicatusOrthosiphon spiralisOrthosiphon stamineusOrthosiphon tagawaeOrthosiphon velteriOrthosiphonis FoliumPokok Misai KucingRâu MèoRau MeoRemujungRemuk JungTé de JavaTè di GiavaThé de JavaTrichostema spiraleVantulsiWhiskerplantYaa Nuat Maeo

Synopsis

Java Tea (Orthosiphon stamineus / Orthosiphon aristatus)

1. Identity and Botanical Characterization

Nomenclature and Taxonomy

Java tea, Orthosiphon stamineus Benth., also known as Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq., is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Lamiaceae family native to Southeast Asia. Its full list of synonyms includes Clerodendranthus spicatus, Ocimum aristatum, Orthosiphon grandiflorus, and Orthosiphon spicatus. The drug material prepared from its leaves is known in pharmacopeial nomenclature as Orthosiphonis folium. The genus name Orthosiphon derives from the Greek, meaning "upright tube."

Common vernacular names span many languages and cultures: barbiflore (French), misai kucing and kumis kucing (Malay/Indonesian, meaning "cat's whiskers"), kabling-gubat and balbas pusa (Filipino), rau meo and remujung (Vietnamese/Javanese), moustaches de chat (French), and yaa nuat maeo (Thai). In Traditional Chinese Medicine and Dai medicine, it is referred to as "kidney tea."

Morphology

The plant belongs to the Lamiaceae family and grows as a perennial herb with a four-angled stem reaching 0.3 to 1 m in height. The flowers are white or pale lilac, and bear stamens exceeding 2 cm that extend prominently from the corolla tube. The leaves are approximately 2–4 cm wide and 4–7 cm long, with a lanceolate, elliptical, or rhomboid shape. It is characteristic for these extraordinarily long flower stamens, which give it the common name Cat's Whiskers.

Geographic Distribution and Cultivation

Its habitat range spans from India, through Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and down to Australia. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. The drug is commercially imported primarily from Indonesia.

Pharmacopeial and Regulatory Status

Orthosiphon leaves contain caffeic acid derivatives (including rosmarinic acid), lipophilic flavonoids (including sinensetin), and oxygenated diterpenes (including orthosiphol). The quality of Orthosiphon leaves (Orthosiphonis folium) is specified in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.). The Ph. Eur. monograph on Java tea has been updated so that content is now expressed in rosmarinic acid (minimum 0.3%); in a previous version the content was expressed in sinensetin with a minimum of 0.05%. The European Medicines Agency's Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) has adopted an EU herbal monograph for this plant. According to official regulatory assessments: the HMPC monograph recognizes traditional use for increasing urine volume and irrigation of the urinary tract for mild bladder complaints; the ESCOP monograph recognizes use for irrigation of the urinary tract for inflammation and kidney gravel, and supportively for bacterial infections of the urinary tract; the German Commission E monograph recognizes use for irrigation in bacterial and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract and for kidney gravel.

2. Traditional and Historical Use

Southeast Asia and the Indonesian Archipelago

Cat's whiskers is one of the oldest medicinally used herbs in tropical Asia and in many regions remains among the most widely used herbs today. Orthosiphon aristatus has a long history of medicinal use in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Southeast Asia; the plant was initially recorded as a treatment for diabetes, kidney stone, and hypertension. It has been traditionally used as herbal tea for alternative medicine for various diseases including gout, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, rheumatism, tonsillitis, and menstrual disorder, and especially those affecting the urinary tract — for treating kidney ailments and bladder-related diseases.

In Indonesia specifically, O. stamineus is known as an effective folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, rheumatism, tonsillitis, and menstrual disorder. Orthosiphonis folium (Java tea) has traditionally been used in Java for the treatment of hypertension and diabetes. It has also been used in folk medicine for bladder and kidney disorders, gout, and rheumatism.

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Dai Medicine

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Dai medicine, O. aristatus has a documented history of over two millennia. Its traditional use was first recorded in ancient Dai medical texts such as Bei Ye Jing and Dang Haya during the Tang Dynasty, primarily targeting kidney disorders. This application is further evidenced in Chinese folk medicine, where it is commonly prepared as a functional tea to manage various ailments, including chronic nephritis, urinary stones, and rheumatism. It is traditionally consumed as a functional tea in southwestern China and Southeast Asia; it is widely used to treat kidney diseases, gout, and diabetes.

European Tradition

In the late nineteenth century, the plant was brought to Europe by Dutch traders. Europeans consume Java tea — an infusion of the dried leaves — for a healthy urinary system, reduction of bacterial infection, and treatment of inflammatory conditions. The EMA has formally recognized the indication as a "traditional herbal medicinal product used to increase the amount of urine to achieve flushing of the urinary tract as an adjuvant in minor urinary tract complaints," with long-standing medicinal use for at least 30 years within the European Union demonstrated for this indication. In Belgium and Germany, Orthosiphonis folium is classified as a well-established herbal medicinal product.

Preparation Methods in Traditional Practice

The medicinal parts are the leaves and stem tips, collected during the flowering season; various herbal preparations — notably aqueous and ethanolic extracts — are used in traditional medicines. The plant's aerial parts are brewed as tea and are associated with treating inflammatory disorders and urogenital tract issues. The dried leaves and twig tips of Orthosiphon are used medicinally.

3. Phytochemistry: Key Constituents and Active Compounds

Overview of Chemical Classes

Previous studies on chemical constituents of O. stamineus have confirmed the presence of essential oils, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics. Phytochemical studies have reported approximately 116 compounds isolated from this plant, classified as monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, essential oil, and organic acids.

Flavonoids

The herbal material contains 0.5–0.7% flavonoids, especially methoxylated flavones including eupatorin, eupatorinmethylether, rhamnazin, scutellareintetramethylether, sinensetin, and salvigenin, as well as prenylated flavones, the flavonol eupatoretin, rosmarinic acid, and di-caffeoyltartrate. Among these, sinensetin and eupatorin are considered markers of particular pharmacological significance. Methoxylated flavones including sinensetin and eupatorin are detected in O. stamineus and display various bioactivities including diuretic activity in rats, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction preferentially in cancer cells.

Phenolic Acids

The phytochemicals of O. stamineus include polyphenols (rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and cichoric acid), flavonoids (sinensetin and eupatorin), and terpenoids (orthosiphol A–Z). Rosmarinic acid and cichoric acid, as caffeic acid derivatives, have been reported to display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin resistance prevention activities. Rosmarinic acid is one of the antioxidative plant phenolics that can be abundantly found in Lamiaceae species.

Terpenoids (Diterpenes and Triterpenes)

Diterpenes in O. stamineus are mainly isopimarane derivatives: orthosiphols A to Y, seco-orthosiphols A to C, siphonols A to E, neo-orthosiphonon A, epi-orthosiphol N, and volatile oil (approximately 0.04%). Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, rosmarinic acids, sinensetin, and eupatorin are responsible for significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Diterpenes including pimarane, isopimarane, and staminane-type compounds contribute to the plant's diuretic properties.

Potassium and Mineral Content

The plant also contains large quantities of potassium. This high potassium content is considered relevant to the plant's diuretic effects and its historical use in conditions associated with fluid retention.

Essential Oil

The volatile oil component contains mostly beta-caryophyllene, alfa-humulene, and beta-elemene.

4. Mechanisms of Action

Diuretic Mechanism

The phenolic compounds and flavonoids of orthosiphon stimulate diuresis by increasing urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, helping to reduce fluid retention and improve kidney function. Flavonoids such as sinensetin are proposed to increase glomerular filtration and inhibit tubular reabsorption, thereby reducing blood uric acid levels. Extracts also exhibit diuretic activity via increase of urine volume and electrolyte (Na⁺ and K⁺) excretion in experimental models.

Anti-inflammatory Mechanism

A methanolic extract of aerial parts has shown significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage-like cells (J774.1), with an IC₅₀ of 42 µg/ml; subsequent work characterized the NO production inhibitory activity of isolated diterpenes from this extract. In vitro investigations on functional activity have also revealed weak antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of Orthosiphon flavonoids by inhibition of lipoxygenase.

Antidiabetic Mechanism

A 50% ethanolic extract of O. stamineus leaves inhibits α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ of 4.63 mg/mL) and α-amylase (IC₅₀ of 36.70 mg/mL), effects attributed to the presence of sinensetin. Caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and sinensetin in the plant extract are considered the primary constituents underlying antidiabetic effects; these phytochemicals possibly induce insulin secretion and sensitivity, improve the lipid profile, and stimulate glucose uptake.

Antihypertensive Mechanism

Methylripariochromene A (MRC) has been isolated from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus and subjected to pharmacological examination related to antihypertensive activity. By increasing renal sodium excretion, orthosiphon may reduce blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.

Anti-adhesive Effect Against Uropathogenic Bacteria

Aqueous and acetone extracts of O. stamineus leaves reduce the adhesion of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC, strain UTI89) to T24 bladder cells significantly. The extract significantly reduced the gene expression of fimH, fimC, fimD, csgA, and focG, which are strongly involved in the formation of bacterial adhesins; the antiadhesive effect was attributed to the presence of polymethoxylated flavones enriched in the acetonic extract.

Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme Interactions

The effects of four O. stamineus extracts and three active constituents — sinensetin, eupatorin, and rosmarinic acid — on major human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes were investigated. The results indicated that OS extracts and constituents exhibited differential modulatory effects on different CYPs; notably, eupatorin strongly and uncompetitively inhibited CYP2D6 activity with a K(i) value of 10.2 µM.

5. Scientific Evidence by Area of Health Application

5.1 Diuresis and Urinary Tract Flushing

A study of the diuretic activity of aqueous extract of O. stamineus showed dose-dependent effects on urine output in Sprague-Dawley rats. However, the translation to human diuretic activity is contested. Clinical studies in humans did not prove significant diuretic activity, in contrast to positive results documented in animal experiments after application of Orthosiphon extracts to rabbits and dogs. The EMA HMPC, despite acknowledging this limitation in clinical evidence, has granted traditional-use recognition based on long-standing European use, specifically for the indication of increasing urine volume as an adjuvant in minor urinary tract complaints.

Evidence strength: Animal/preclinical data are relatively consistent for diuretic effects. Human clinical evidence confirming significant diuretic effect is weak or absent; regulatory recognition is based on the traditional-use pathway rather than confirmed clinical efficacy.

5.2 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) / Anti-adhesive Activity

Extracts from the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus are used in phytotherapy for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Evaluation of an aqueous extract against infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli in vivo included investigation of underlying microbiological mechanisms; in vivo studies in mice and in vitro investigations covered cytotoxicity, antiadhesive potential, influence on bacterial gene expression, and quorum sensing. From a mechanistic perspective, it may be speculated that the traditional use of Orthosiphon extract for UTI is not due to a pronounced diuretic effect but more to an inhibitory effect against uropathogenic E. coli.

A 2019 randomized controlled trial referenced in the literature (Vahlensieck et al., Antibiotics, 2019) evaluated a herbal therapy including O. stamineus for clinical symptoms of acute lower uncomplicated UTI in women. A separate study examined seven-day oral intake of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves infusion for ex vivo antiadhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli in urine samples (Planta Med., 2021).

Evidence strength: Preliminary to moderate. The anti-adhesive mechanism is biologically plausible and supported by in vitro and animal studies. Human clinical trials are few, involve combination preparations, and have methodological limitations. Current regulatory recognition is as adjunct, traditional-use therapy.

5.3 Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis)

In Malaysia, the consumption of tea made from the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus is believed by local people to alleviate kidney stone disease. To evaluate prophylactic potentials of total flavonoids, total phenolics, and polysaccharides from O. stamineus on experimental induction of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats: nephrolithic rats were induced by treating with 1.0% ethylene glycol and 1.0% ammonium chloride for 7 days, and treated groups received OS extracts at doses of 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg; urine and serum samples were collected at day 7 for biochemical analysis. The extract has been shown to prevent kidney stone formation by altering calcium oxalate crystal behavior and enhancing diuresis in experimental models.

Evidence strength: Preclinical (animal and in vitro) only. No robust human clinical trials on nephrolithiasis prevention or treatment have been identified. Traditional use for this indication is well-documented across Southeast Asia and China.

5.4 Hypertension

A combined nutraceutical containing alcoholic extract of O. aristatus leaves reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as pulse pressure in hypertensive dyslipidaemic patients after eight weeks of treatment (Cicero et al., 2012, Complement Ther Clin Pract). The nutraceutical tested contained berberine, monakolin, and policosanols in addition to the O. aristatus extract. A notable limitation of the study was that the antihypertensive activity of the individual constituents was not separately tested.

A related publication concluded that "the addition of Orthosiphon stamineus to the combination of nutraceuticals confers an antihypertensive effect that allows a surprisingly effective 24-hour BP control in hypertensive patients." In a clinical trial involving 27 subjects, significant reductions in blood pressure values were observed for subjects treated with supplements containing O. stamineus; by contrast, subjects treated with a supplement containing policosanol, red yeast rice extract, berberine, folic acid, and coenzyme Q10 without O. stamineus showed no significant reduction in blood pressure. An earlier report documented systolic and diastolic blood pressure reductions equivalent to amlodipine in mild to moderate hypertensive subjects taking a mixture supplement of Apium graveolens and O. stamineus.

A further randomized clinical study (CONDOR) evaluated a dietary supplement (Diuripres®) containing standardized extract of orthosiphon together with magnesium, hawthorn, and hibiscus for its effects on blood pressure, vascular health, and metabolic parameters in 60 individuals with high-normal blood pressure or stage I hypertension; participants followed a low-fat, low-sodium Mediterranean diet for 4 weeks before being randomly allocated to 8-week treatment.

Evidence strength: Preliminary; limited to small, mostly combination-product clinical trials. No large-scale, placebo-controlled RCT has isolated the effect of O. stamineus alone on blood pressure with sufficient statistical power.

5.5 Diabetes and Blood Glucose Regulation

Pharmacological activities of O. stamineus documented in comprehensive reviews include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, diuretic, hypouricemic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, nephroprotective, analgesic, antipyretic, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, and antibacterial activities. For antidiabetic effects specifically:

Previous studies have shown that O. stamineus extracts were able to balance blood glucose levels in diabetic rat animal models, although the antidiabetic mechanism of O. stamineus is not fully established. Oral treatment of diabetic mice with O. stamineus extracts for 3 weeks resulted in significant reductions in blood glucose levels from 359 ± 7 mg/dL in diabetic non-treated mice to 164 ± 2 mg/dL and 174 ± 3 mg/dL in water- and methanol-based-extract-treated mice, respectively.

Extracts from O. stamineus have antidiabetic properties believed to be due to their interaction with glucose metabolism (both inhibiting and increasing glucose uptake by diaphragm muscles). The plant is also reported as a popular antidiabetic alternative medicine for type II diabetes. A chloroform subfraction of O. stamineus leaves containing eupatorin (1.48%) and sinensetin (2.26%) was found to inhibit glucose uptake in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at an intestinal absorption rate of 500–2000 µg/mL, although the effect was no better than the reference drug metformin.

Evidence strength: Predominantly preclinical (animal and in vitro). Human clinical trials specifically designed to test antidiabetic efficacy of O. stamineus as a single agent are limited. The PMC systematic review (2022) identifies a lack of comprehensive review of antidiabetic mechanisms and pharmacodynamic basis in humans as a gap in the literature.

5.6 Uric Acid and Gout

O. stamineus is widely used in Southeast Asia for the treatment of hyperuricemia, rheumatism, gout, jaundice, nephritis, nephrolithiasis, urethritis, and cystitis. The flavonoids, such as sinensetin, are proposed to increase glomerular filtration and inhibit tubular reabsorption, thus reducing blood uric acid levels. A 2025 study in ScienceDirect used an integrated microbiome-metabolomics approach to elucidate mechanisms of action in hyperuricemic nephropathy in animal models, finding modulation of the gut-kidney axis. Orthosiphon aristatus has been used for over 2,000 years in Dai medicine to treat kidney disorders by "clearing heat and promoting diuresis," and shows potential for hyperuricemic nephropathy management.

Evidence strength: Primarily traditional use supported by animal and in vitro studies; recent mechanistic investigation continues. Human clinical evidence is insufficient to draw firm conclusions.

5.7 Hepatoprotective Effects

The hepatoprotective effect of O. stamineus 50% aqueous methanolic extracts has been observed in CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats. Comprehensive pharmacological review has identified hepatoprotective activity among the documented effects of O. stamineus.

Evidence strength: Preclinical (animal) only. No human clinical trials on hepatoprotection have been identified in peer-reviewed sources.

5.8 Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity

Rosmarinic acid, a water-soluble and absorbable polyphenol found in O. stamineus, has been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and nephroprotective activities in research settings. A preclinical study published in Inflammopharmacology (2018) documented that Java tea protected against osteoarthritis by mitigating inflammation and cartilage degradation.

Evidence strength: Preclinical. Anti-inflammatory properties are mechanistically plausible and supported by in vitro and animal studies. Human evidence is not available for this indication.

5.9 Antipyretic Activity

A methanol/water (50/50) extract of leaves of O. stamineus showed the ability to reduce fever induced by yeast but not normal body temperature, with effects lasting 4 hours — comparable with those of paracetamol in experimental models. HPLC analysis showed the extract to contain rosmarinic acid, sinensetin, eupatorin, and tetramethoxyflavone as bioactive compounds.

Evidence strength: Preclinical (animal model) only.

6. Dosage Forms and Reported Dosages

Herbal Preparations Recognized in Official Monographs

According to the EMA community herbal monograph, the following preparations are recognized: (i) dried, fragmented leaf (herbal substance); (ii) liquid extract (DER 1:1, ethanol 25% m/m); (iii) dry extract (DER 5-7:1, water); (iv) dry extract (DER 8-12:1, ethanol 60% V/V); and (v) dry extract (DER 7-8:1, ethanol 70% V/V).

Posology (Adults) from Official Sources

Adults: an infusion of 2–3 g of dried material in 150 mL of water, two to three times per day. The EMA community herbal monograph also specifies a posology for the herbal substance used as tea preparation of 6 to 12 g daily in divided doses. Preparation: pour 150 mL of boiling water over 2 to 3 g of finely chopped Orthosiphon leaves and strain after 10 to 15 minutes.

Duration of Use

The EMA has determined, in line with authorized products and EU monographs with similar indications, to limit traditional-use duration to 2 weeks. Plenty of fluids must be consumed during flushing therapy.

Dosages Used in Clinical Studies

In a cited clinical study, Java tea was used at a dose of 100 mg daily for up to 8 weeks. A standardized product containing orthosiphon (90 mg/dry extract) in combination with other plants was studied to treat urinary tract infections in 200 adult women. In the CONDOR randomized clinical study, participants were randomly allocated to an 8-week treatment with two pills each day of either the active product or placebo.

7. Safety Considerations and Drug Interactions

Acute and Subchronic Toxicity

The acute oral toxicity test of aqueous, 50% aqueous ethanolic, and ethanolic extracts of O. stamineus was performed at a dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight of Sprague-Dawley rats; during the 14-day study, animals were observed for mortality, behavioral and motor-neuronal abnormalities, body weight, and feed-water consumption pattern. No mortality was detected, and no signs of toxicity were observed in acute and subchronic toxicity studies. There was no significant difference in body weight, relative organ weight, or haematological and biochemical parameters between treated and control rats at any dose tested. No abnormality of internal organs was observed. The oral lethal dose was determined to be more than 5,000 mg/kg, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was considered to be 5,000 mg/kg per day.

Contraindications

A flushing therapy with Orthosiphon leaves must not be performed in the presence of edema due to impaired heart and kidney function. During flushing therapy, care must be taken to ensure sufficient fluid intake of at least 2 liters per day.

Use in Pregnancy and Lactation

There are no studies on the safety of ingesting Orthosiphon leaves during pregnancy and lactation, or in children and adolescents under 18 years of age.

Potential Drug Interactions

In vitro studies have shown that O. stamineus extracts and constituents exhibit differential modulatory effects on cytochrome P450 enzymes; eupatorin strongly and uncompetitively inhibited CYP2D6 activity with a K(i) value of 10.2 µM. CYP2D6 is responsible for the metabolism of a wide range of drugs including certain antidepressants, antipsychotics, and opioids. These findings are in vitro only, and the clinical significance of CYP2D6 inhibition by eupatorin at doses achievable through normal use of Java tea preparations has not been established in humans.

Caution should be taken by persons using medicines for diabetes and diuretics, as the plant may interact with them. Given the documented hypoglycemic effects, concurrent use with antidiabetic medications could theoretically potentiate blood glucose lowering effects.

Electrolyte Considerations

Use of this herb over a long period or in large amounts may lead to low body sodium levels due to the sodium-excreting properties associated with its diuretic action. Caution should be taken by people with cardiac and renal insufficiency.

Adverse Effects Monitoring

If fever, urinary retention, cramps during urination, or blood in urine occur during treatment with Java tea, medical advice should be sought. A medical literature monitoring report provided by the EMA in 2019, covering 24 new references, detected no individual case safety reports (ICSRs) for the substance group 'Orthosiphon.'

8. Body Systems Associated with Java Tea

Urinary/Renal System: Traditionally used in South East Asian folk medicine, particularly noted for its potent diuretic effect; the plant's aerial parts are associated with treating inflammatory disorders and urogenital tract issues.
Cardiovascular System: Traditionally used in Java for the treatment of hypertension.
Metabolic/Endocrine System: The plant is reported as a popular antidiabetic alternative medicine for type II diabetes.
Musculoskeletal System: Used in Southeast Asia for the treatment of hyperuricemia, rheumatism, and gout.
Hepatic/Biliary System: Hepatoprotective activity has been documented in preclinical pharmacological studies.
Gastrointestinal System: Gastroprotective activity is among the pharmacological activities reported for O. stamineus.

References

Health Conditions

Health conditions that Java tea may help support.

Urinary Tract HealthTraditional
Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus/aristatus) is officially monographed by the EMA HMPC and ESCOP as a traditional herbal medicine for irrigation therapy of the lower urinary tract, including bacterial and inflammatory conditions. It is listed in the Dutch and French Pharmacopeias and is a component of the approved European herbal product Aqualibra. Pharmacological data confirm diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-adhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli.
Urinary Tract Health (UTI Support)Traditional
Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus) has a long history of use in Southeast Asian traditional medicine and is EMA/HMPC-monographed for adjunctive use in lower urinary tract conditions including UTI. A 2021 PubMed human clinical study showed that seven days of oral Java tea intake produced antiadhesive activity against uropathogenic E. coli in urine samples of 20 volunteers. Its polymethoxylated flavones are proposed to inhibit uropathogen adhesion.

Body Systems

Body systems that Java tea may help support.

No body systems available.