Vasicinol

Otros Nombres

(3R)-1,2,3,9-Tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,7-diol(3S)-1,2,3,9-Tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]chinazolin-3,7-diol(3S)-1,2,3,9-Tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,7-diol(3S)-1,2,3,9-Tétrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,7-diol(3S)-1H,2H,3H,9H-Pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,7-diol6-Hydroxypeganine6-HydroxyvasicinePyrrolo(2,1-b)quinazoline-3,7-diol, 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-, (R)-Pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,7-diol, 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-, (3R)-Pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,7-diol, 1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-, (3S)-Vasicil

Sinopsis

Vasicinol: A Comprehensive Reference Article

1. Identity, Chemical Profile, and Natural Sources

1.1 Chemical Identity

Vasicinol (also known by the synonym 6-Hydroxypeganine) is a pyrroloquinazoline alkaloid that can be isolated from Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees. Its CAS registry number is 5081-51-6, its molecular formula is C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₂, and its molecular weight is 204.229 g/mol. According to the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) database, vasicinol is a member of the quinazoline class of heterocyclic compounds.

The compound belongs to the pyrrolidinoquinazoline (also written as pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline) scaffold, which is the defining ring system of the vasicine alkaloid family. The crystallographically characterized form, (+)-vasicinol hydrochloride dihydrate (C₁₁H₁₃N₂O⁺·Cl⁻·2H₂O), is a pyrrolidinoquinazoline alkaloid; it has been isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of leaves of Peganum harmala L., with the pyrrolidine ring having an envelope conformation and the hydroxyl-bearing C-3 carbon possessing the S configuration.

Structurally, vasicinol is the C-3 hydroxylated derivative of the parent skeleton that gives rise to the related alkaloids vasicine and vasicinone. In in vivo metabolic studies, vasicinol is one of six key metabolites isolated from rat urine and identified alongside vasicinone, vasicinolone, and three conjugated sulfate and glucuronide forms of the parent alkaloid vasicine. This dual character — as both a naturally occurring phytochemical in its own right and a metabolite of vasicine — is central to understanding its pharmacology.

1.2 Botanical Sources

Primary source — Adhatoda vasica Nees (syn. Justicia adhatoda L.): This plant, commonly known as Vasaka in Ayurveda, belongs to the family Acanthaceae. In addition to vasicine, the leaves contain betaine, steroids, alkanes, kaempferol, quercetin, and alkaloids including vasicinone, adhatodine, vasicinol, adhvasinone, anisotine, adhatonine, and hydroxypeganine. Vasicinol is found across multiple plant parts: the leaves contain alkaloids such as vasicinone, vasicinol, adhatonine, and adhatodine, while the roots contain vasicinol, vasicinolone, and vasicol.

Secondary source — Peganum harmala L.: Vasicine, a pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline type alkaloid, is the main active component in both Adhatoda vasica Nees (Acanthaceae) and Peganum harmala Linn (Zygophyllaceae). Vasicinol is correspondingly found in P. harmala: it has been isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves of Peganum harmala L. This plant is a member of the family Zygophyllaceae, commonly distributed in regions including the Attock District and Islamabad (Margalla Hills), and several alkaloids with a quinazoline structure — including vasicine and vasicinone — have been isolated from its seeds and roots.

The most abundant and most studied constituents of Justicia adhatoda leaves are pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids, mainly represented by vasicine, vasicinone, vasicoline, vasicinol, and adhatodine.

1.3 Alkaloid Context within the Plant

The most prevalent components of A. vasica are quinazoline alkaloids — including vasicine, vasicinone, 7-hydroxyvasicine, vasicinolone, 3-deoxyvasicine, vasicolinone, vasicol, and vasicoline — alongside betaine, steroids, carbohydrates, and alkanes. The plant's alkaloidal content, particularly its 7.5% vasicine, is responsible for the majority of its pharmacological effects. Vasicinol is a minor alkaloid by comparison with vasicine but has been isolated and characterized independently and is associated with distinct biological activities.

1.4 Biosynthesis

Evidence supports the proposal that synthesis of vasicine (and by extension, structurally related alkaloids such as vasicinol) in Peganum harmala occurs from anthranilic acid and a compound closely related to ornithine. Feeding experiments using radiolabelled glutamic acid, proline, ornithine, and putrescine demonstrated specificity of incorporation, while an approximately equal distribution of label between C-1 and C-10 of vasicine indicated that a symmetrical intermediate is involved in the biosynthetic pathway. Catabolism of tryptophan to anthranilic acid was also demonstrated by specific incorporation of tryptophan into vasicine.

1.5 Physical Forms and Preparations

In its isolated form, vasicinol is classified as an alkaloid of pyrroloquinazoline type, supplied commercially as a powder, with purity typically verified at 95–99% by HPLC-DAD or HPLC-ELSD, with identity confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In the context of botanical preparations, vasicinol is consumed as part of whole-plant preparations of Adhatoda vasica, which are described below in the traditional use section.

2. Traditional and Historical Use

2.1 Ayurvedic Tradition

The plant is well-known in both the Ayurveda and Unani medicinal systems. It has been used in the indigenous medicinal system of India for more than 2,000 years, primarily to treat various diseases and disorders of the respiratory tract, including cough, symptoms of common cold, asthma, tuberculosis, and chronic bronchitis. Vasaka has a long history in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurveda, where it is categorized as a renewing herb (Rasayana). Vasaka is the Sanskrit name for the plant, meaning "remover of bodily toxins," which reflects its Ayurvedic context.

Ancient Ayurvedic texts — the Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Bhavaprakasha Nighantu — document its role in balancing Kapha and Pitta doshas. In practice, in acute stages of bronchitis, vasaka was considered to give unfailing relief, especially where the sputum was thick and sticky, by liquefying the sputum so that it can be expelled more easily; for relief in asthma, the dried leaves were smoked.

2.2 Unani and Siddha Traditions

Adhatoda vasica has emerged as an important medicinal herb well known for its applications in different traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. The medicinal uses of its leaves are attributed to its antitussive, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties; leaf juice is the most common home remedy for cough, respiratory diseases, and bleeding disorders.

2.3 Traditional Preparations and Plant Parts Used

The leaves, roots, flowers, and bark of this plant have been used in cough, colds, asthma, to liquefy sputum, as a bronchodilator, and in bronchial catarrh, bronchitis, and tuberculosis. The plant parts are commonly used in the forms of decoction or powder; the juice from the leaves is also frequently used. In older practice, its leaves were made into a decoction with pepper and dried ginger. In Ayurveda, a preparation made from vasaka flowers, known as gulk, was used to treat tuberculosis, and the juice from its leaves was given in doses of 2 to 4 grams in treating diarrhea and dysentery.

Vasaka syrup and Vasaka liquid extract are mentioned in the Indian Pharmacopoeia (1955). Adhatoda vasica (also called Vasaka) is a traditional medicinal herb used traditionally for the relief of cough, asthma, nasal congestion, bronchial inflammation, upper respiratory infections, bleeding disorders, skin diseases, leprosy, tuberculosis, diabetes, allergic conditions, rheumatism, tumor, and many more diseases.

2.4 Note on Vasicinol Specifically Within Tradition

It must be noted that traditional and historical use of the plant Adhatoda vasica predates the chemical isolation of its individual alkaloids. Traditional healers worked with whole-plant preparations in which vasicinol was present alongside vasicine, vasicinone, and numerous other phytoconstituents. The specific identification of vasicinol as a discrete chemical entity is a product of modern phytochemical analysis; early pharmacological investigations of vasicinol as a named compound date to at least the 1960s. A pharmacological investigation specifically of vasicinol as an alkaloid from Adhatoda vasica Nees was published by Lahiri and Pradhan in the Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, volume 2, in 1964.

3. Chemical Constituents and Active Compounds of the Vasicine Alkaloid Family

Pharmacological properties of Adhatoda vasica are mainly due to vasicine, vasicinol, and vasicinone. Vasicinone and vasicine are widely known for powerful bronchodilator action. The three alkaloids — vasicine, vasicinone, and vasicinol — share the pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazoline ring system and are understood to act in concert in whole-plant preparations.

Pharmacological studies confirm diverse therapeutic properties attributed mainly to quinazoline alkaloids (vasicine, vasicinone, vasicinol), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol), and other bioactive compounds.

3.1 Vasicinol as a Metabolite of Vasicine

Vasicine (VAS) is a potential natural cholinesterase inhibitor that has been investigated as a candidate for Alzheimer's disease. A systematic investigation of the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of VAS in rat using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry identified a total of 72 metabolites. Six key metabolites were isolated from rat urine and elucidated as vasicinone, vasicinol, vasicinolone, and three conjugated derivatives.

The metabolic pathway of vasicine in vivo and in vitro mainly involved monohydroxylation, dihydroxylation, trihydroxylation, oxidation, desaturation, sulfation, and glucuronidation. Thus, vasicinol arises from vasicine via monohydroxylation at the C-3 position of the pyrrolidine ring. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of vasicine and its main metabolites were also evaluated; results indicated that although most metabolites — including vasicinol — maintained potential inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE, their activity was weaker than that of vasicine itself, indicating that vasicine undergoes metabolic inactivation in vivo with respect to cholinesterase inhibitory activity.

4. Mechanisms of Action

4.1 Alpha-Glucosidase (Sucrase) Inhibition

The methanolic extract from the leaves of Adhatoda vasica Nees showed the highest sucrase inhibitory activity with sucrose as a substrate. Enzyme assay-guided fractionation of this extract afforded vasicine (1) and vasicinol (2), with structures elucidated by MS and NMR analysis. Both compounds showed high sucrase inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values of 125 μM (vasicine) and 250 μM (vasicinol), respectively. Both were shown to be reversible inhibitors of sucrase, and kinetic data revealed that they inhibited the sucrose-hydrolyzing activity of rat intestinal α-glucosidase competitively, with Kᵢ values of 82 μM (vasicine) and 183 μM (vasicinol), respectively.

4.2 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition

The ACE inhibition potential of Adhatoda vasica (methanolic-aqueous extract) and its isolated pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids vasicinol (1), vasicine (2), and vasicinone (3) was evaluated. Angiotensin-converting enzyme plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure in the human body, and identification of potential ACE inhibitors from medicinal plants supported the idea of repurposing these plants against hypertension. This study, published in the journal Molecules in 2021, applied UPLC-DAD-based bio-screening methodology.

4.3 Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) Induction

Vasicinol (6-Hydroxypeganine) is identified as an HbF inducer, with proposed relevance to the study of metabolic disorders and diabetes. In sickle cell disease, an increase in HbF inhibits the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin and the resulting pathophysiology. The specific cellular mechanism by which vasicinol induces HbF has not been elaborated in the sources consulted; this activity is attributed on the basis of screening data.

4.4 Bronchial/Airway Effects (Parent Alkaloid Family Context)

The plant's mechanism of action in the respiratory system involves relaxing bronchial muscles and facilitating mucus expulsion from the airways, reducing cough frequency and severity. Vasicine and vasicinone are quinazoline ring-containing alkaloids obtained from the leaves of Adhatoda vasica that exhibit mainly stimulatory effects on the respiratory system. While these effects are most clearly attributed to vasicine and vasicinone, vasicinol, sharing the same core scaffold, is considered part of the active alkaloid fraction contributing to the plant's overall respiratory pharmacology.

4.5 Anti-inflammatory Activity (Plant Extract Context)

Quinazoline alkaloids from A. vasica, including vasicinol, are reported to inhibit inflammatory mediators such as lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX), TNF-α, and IL-6. These observations come from studies of plant fractions or the alkaloid family broadly, and the specific contribution of vasicinol as a pure compound to these effects requires further characterization.

5. Scientific Evidence by Area of Activity

5.1 Metabolic Activity: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibition and Antidiabetic Potential

Evidence type: In vitro enzyme assay

A study by Gao et al. (published in Food Chemistry, 2008) represented the first report on mammalian α-glucosidase inhibition of A. vasica and the inhibitory effect on sucrase by vasicine and vasicinol from this herb species. The results suggested a use of the extract of A. vasica as an antidiabetic agent and raised the possibility that these compounds could be useful treatments for metabolic disorders.

The methanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica Nees was tested in screening experiments for rat intestinal α-glucosidase. Vasicine and vasicinol, isolated by assay-guided fractionation, showed high sucrase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 125 and 250 μM, respectively.

Evidence strength: The evidence for vasicinol's α-glucosidase inhibitory activity is based entirely on in vitro enzyme kinetic studies using rat intestinal enzyme preparations. No human or animal in vivo studies on vasicinol's antidiabetic potential have been identified. The IC₅₀ of 250 μM for sucrase inhibition is notably higher (weaker) than that of vasicine (125 μM), indicating that vasicinol is the less potent of the two alkaloids in this assay. No clinical trials exist; the evidence must be considered preliminary and preclinical only.

5.2 Cardiovascular Activity: ACE Inhibition

Evidence type: In vitro biochemical assay (UPLC-DAD bio-screening)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure. A study evaluated the ACE inhibition potential of Adhatoda vasica methanolic-aqueous extract and its isolated pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids, including vasicinol, vasicine, and vasicinone, using a UPLC-DAD-based bio-screening methodology. This study was published in Molecules in 2021 by Tehreem et al. (University of Karachi and collaborating institutions).

Evidence strength: This represents in vitro biochemical screening data only. No human, animal, or clinical data on vasicinol's blood pressure effects has been identified. The activity reported is based on an enzyme assay using hippuryl-histidyl-leucine as substrate. The evidence is preliminary and limited to the test-tube setting.

5.3 Hemoglobin Regulation: HbF Induction

Evidence type: Preclinical/screening data

Vasicinol (6-Hydroxypeganine) has been identified as an HbF inducer that inhibits the sucrose-hydrolyzing activity of rat intestinal α-glucosidase with a Kᵢ value of 183 μM. The HbF-inducing activity is cited in reference databases but the primary studies underpinning this claim — detailing the model system, concentrations used, and magnitude of induction — were not accessible in the sources retrieved. In sickle cell disease, an increase in HbF inhibits the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin and the resulting pathophysiology; reactivation of HbF expression is an important therapeutic option in patients with hemoglobin disorders.

Evidence strength: The HbF-inducing property of vasicinol is referenced in compound databases as a characterized activity, but the detailed primary experimental evidence (cell type, concentration, mechanism) could not be verified in the accessible literature reviewed. No human clinical data exists. This must be categorized as early-stage, preclinical activity data only.

5.4 Respiratory System: Bronchodilatory and Expectorant Activity

Evidence type: Preclinical (animal/in vitro); limited clinical data on whole-plant preparations

Vasicinol is part of a broader family of alkaloids in Adhatoda vasica that collectively demonstrate respiratory effects. Vasicine has been demonstrated to induce bronchodilation and tracheal muscle relaxation at lower concentrations, while exhibiting significant protective effects against histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs at higher concentrations. An essential oil from the leaves of A. vasica showed an airway smooth muscle relaxant property in the isolated guinea pig tracheal chain.

The majority of clinical-level evidence relates to whole-plant extracts and formulations rather than to vasicinol as an isolated compound. In one preliminary study of a polyherbal Unani formulation, the difference between the mean value of BCSS (Breathlessness, Cough, and Sputum Score) from baseline was statistically highly significant (p<0.0001), and FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC were significantly increased (p<0.05), indicating a potential therapeutic role in chronic bronchitis. However, vasicinol's isolated contribution to these outcomes cannot be determined from this study.

Evidence strength: Respiratory effects of the vasicinol-containing alkaloid family from A. vasica have preclinical animal support. There is limited clinical evidence for whole-plant preparations in respiratory conditions, but no clinical trial has been conducted isolating vasicinol specifically as the active compound.

5.5 Cholinesterase Inhibition (Metabolite Activity)

Evidence type: In vitro enzyme assay; metabolic study in rats

Vasicine has been shown to have strong inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with IC₅₀ values of 3.24 ± 0.08 μM and 0.10 ± 0.00 μM, respectively, implying that it can be used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of vasicine and its main metabolites indicated that most metabolites — including vasicinol — maintained potential inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE, but weaker than that of vasicine itself. Vasicine undergoes metabolic inactivation in vivo with respect to cholinesterase inhibitory activity.

Evidence strength: The cholinesterase inhibitory activity of vasicinol as a metabolite of vasicine has in vitro support, but its potency is lower than that of the parent compound. No human studies on vasicinol for cognitive or neurological outcomes have been identified.

5.6 Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Evidence type: Preclinical (in vitro and animal models)

Both in vitro and in vivo studies have validated the role of A. vasica alkaloids — including vasicinol — in inflammatory disorders. Alkaloid fractions from the plant inhibit inflammatory mediators such as LOX, COX, TNF-α, and IL-6, and protect lung and hepatic tissue. These data derive from studies on plant fractions or the alkaloid class broadly, and the attribution of specific anti-inflammatory effects to vasicinol as an isolated compound requires further investigation.

Evidence strength: Weak to moderate preclinical evidence for the alkaloid class as a whole; specific evidence for vasicinol alone is limited.

6. Body Systems and Health Areas of Association

Respiratory system: Vasicinol is present in a plant with well-established traditional and preclinical use in bronchitis, asthma, cough, and tuberculosis. The whole plant or its roots, leaves, bark, and flowers are used in various herbal preparations; it is considered a primary medicinal plant for respiratory tract ailments including cough, bronchitis, asthma, and symptoms of the common cold.
Metabolic system (carbohydrate metabolism): Vasicinol is an inhibitor of rat intestinal α-glucosidase (sucrase), with a Kᵢ of 183 μM, and has been proposed for study in metabolic disorders and diabetes.
Cardiovascular system: Vasicinol inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is relevant to blood pressure regulation.
Hematopoietic system: Vasicinol is an HbF inducer, with proposed relevance to hemoglobin disorders such as sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia.
Nervous system (indirect, via metabolite role): As a metabolite of vasicine — itself under investigation as a cholinesterase inhibitor — vasicinol retains weak AChE/BChE inhibitory activity in vitro.

7. Dosage Forms and Reported Dosages

No clinical studies have been identified that administered vasicinol as an isolated compound to humans, and therefore no human clinical dosage can be reported for vasicinol specifically.

In the context of the parent plant preparation, juice from leaves of A. vasica was given in traditional practice in doses of 2 to 4 grams for treating diarrhea and dysentery. The juice of its fresh leaves was also traditionally used in doses of a teaspoon thrice a day.

In in vitro research studies, vasicinol has been studied at concentrations including an IC₅₀ of 250 μM for sucrase inhibition and a Kᵢ of 183 μM for competitive inhibition of rat intestinal α-glucosidase. In cell-based studies of the related alkaloid vasicinone, doses of 10, 30, 50, and 70 μM over 72 hours were used in lung carcinoma cell lines. These concentrations are in vitro experimental parameters only and cannot be extrapolated to human dosing.

Vasicinol is supplied for research purposes in powder form with purity of 95–99%, and is typically dissolved in DMSO for stock solution preparation in laboratory settings. It is explicitly designated for reference and research use and is not approved for direct human consumption as an isolated compound.

8. Safety Considerations and Interactions

8.1 Uterotonic and Abortifacient Activity (Principal Safety Concern)

The most important documented safety concern associated with the vasicine alkaloid family — of which vasicinol is a member — is uterotonic and abortifacient activity. During the last 20 years, several scientific reports on oxytocic and abortifacient effects of vasicine and other alkaloids derived from the plant have appeared, which has raised questions concerning the safety of A. vasica as a herbal medicine.

Vasicine, the primary alkaloid of A. vasica, was investigated for abortifacient activity in rats and guinea pigs. It showed an abortifacient effect in guinea pigs depending on the stage of pregnancy and prior estradiol priming, but did not show an abortifacient effect in rats. The abortifacient effect of vasicine, like its uterotonic effect, was more marked under the priming influence of estrogens, which are known to enhance prostaglandin synthesis, indicating that the action of vasicine is mediated through prostaglandin release.

Potential uterotonic and abortifacient effects associated with A. vasica alkaloids represent a significant safety concern in special populations, particularly during pregnancy. There are discrepancies between study conclusions: some research has shown that A. zeylanica (closely related) has the ability to prevent embryonic implantation and act as an abortifacient in rat experiments administered daily extract doses as high as 325 mg/kg/day over nine days, while others show no major adverse effects in rat and monkey studies.

8.2 Gastrointestinal Effects

Consumption of large doses of Adhatoda vasica preparations can cause irritation in the alimentary canal, vomiting, or diarrhea. These effects have been observed with large-dose use of the whole plant; whether vasicinol specifically is responsible is unknown given that it is a minor alkaloid present alongside the more abundant vasicine.

8.3 Metabolic Inactivation In Vivo

The main metabolic soft spots of vasicine are the 3-hydroxyl group (where vasicinol arises) and the C-9 site. A total of 72 metabolites were identified in rat urine, feces, plasma, bile, liver microsomes, and hepatocyte incubations. Results indicated that renal clearance is the major excretion pathway of vasicine. These pharmacokinetic data for vasicine are relevant to vasicinol since the latter is both a product of vasicine's metabolism and a natural alkaloid that would itself be subject to further hepatic and renal processing.

8.4 Bioavailability Concerns

Some compounds of A. vasica, including the quinazoline alkaloids, may have low bioavailability; formulation issues including taste and stability have been noted as challenges. Research has identified the need for nanoformulations and drug-delivery systems to improve solubility, stability, and targeted delivery of alkaloids from this plant.

8.5 Absence of Clinical Safety Data for Isolated Vasicinol

No clinical trials or controlled human studies have administered vasicinol as an isolated compound. Accordingly, no formal human safety profile, maximum tolerated dose, drug interaction data, or contraindication list exists specifically for vasicinol. Safety inferences are extrapolated from studies of whole Adhatoda vasica preparations and the pharmacology of the closely related parent compound, vasicine.

9. Summary of Evidence Status

Vasicinol is a naturally occurring pyrroloquinazoline alkaloid with a well-defined chemical identity, multiple confirmed plant sources, and several documented in vitro biological activities including α-glucosidase inhibition, ACE inhibition, HbF induction, and residual cholinesterase inhibitory activity as a metabolite of vasicine. Its traditional use context is embedded in the multi-century Ayurvedic, Unani, and Siddha use of its source plant, Adhatoda vasica, primarily for respiratory conditions.

The scientific evidence base for vasicinol as an isolated compound is entirely preclinical (in vitro enzyme assays and metabolic studies in rodents). No human clinical trials have examined vasicinol's efficacy or safety. Current findings on the pharmacological activities of J. adhatoda are limited, not reliably characterized, or lacking in data for certain aspects. The principal safety signal identified in the alkaloid family — uterotonic and abortifacient activity mediated through prostaglandin release — warrants particular attention given the plant's traditional use in the context of pregnancy. Research into vasicinol remains at an early, exploratory stage, and any clinical application would require substantially more rigorous investigation.

References

Condiciones de Salud

Condiciones de salud que Vasicinol puede ayudar a apoyar.

EndometriosisTradicional
Vasicinol is a quinazoline alkaloid component of Adhatoda vasica (Malabar nut), documented in the plant's alkaloid profile alongside vasicine and vasicinone. It is present in Vasaka preparations listed in the Indian Pharmacopoeia for bronchitis and respiratory use, contributing to the overall pharmacological activity of the traditional Ayurvedic and Unani bronchitis remedy.
Manos y Pies FríosTradicional
Vasicinol is a reduced form of vasicine from Adhatoda vasica, a plant with a long history in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine as a bronchodilator and expectorant. It contributes to the bronchodilatory and secretolytic effects of the parent plant's alkaloid complex. Evidence is primarily derived from preclinical studies of the Adhatoda alkaloid mixture.

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