Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Iodotyrosine is a naturally occurring intermediate in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones within the thyroid gland. Specifically, iodotyrosines—monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT)—are formed by the iodination of the amino acid tyrosine, a process catalyzed by thyroid peroxidase. These iodinated residues are then coupled to form the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are critical for metabolic regulation and overall endocrine health. The recycling of iodotyrosines within the thyroid gland, mediated by the enzyme iodotyrosine deiodinase, is essential to conserve iodine and maintain adequate hormone synthesis, especially when dietary iodine is limited.

Scientific studies have elucidated the crucial roles of iodotyrosines in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Genetic defects in iodotyrosine deiodinase can lead to thyroid dysfunction due to impaired iodine recycling and decreased hormone production (Ref: Biochem J. 2006;395(Pt 1):1–13). While supplemental iodotyrosine is not commonly used as a direct therapy in clinical practice, its central role in thyroid physiology is well established. Therefore, the use of iodotyrosine to support thyroid function is grounded in a strong biochemical rationale, though direct supplementation is less common than the use of iodine or levothyroxine. Overall, the evidence base supports the biological importance of iodotyrosine in thyroid health.

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