Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body produced during periods of low carbohydrate intake, fasting, or ketogenic diets. Its use to support or treat Metabolic Syndrome is primarily justified by emerging scientific evidence, though this evidence is limited and mostly preclinical or based on small human studies. Animal studies and some early-phase clinical trials suggest that BHB and nutritional ketosis can improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and promote weight loss—key factors in Metabolic Syndrome. Mechanistically, BHB acts as an energy substrate and a signaling molecule that may inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, a component of inflammation linked to metabolic diseases. Some studies have shown that ketogenic diets, which elevate BHB, can improve glycemic control and lipid profiles in humans with features of Metabolic Syndrome. However, direct supplementation of exogenous BHB salts or esters in humans has only recently begun to be studied, with mixed results regarding metabolic outcomes. There is currently insufficient large-scale, long-term evidence to firmly establish BHB supplementation as an effective treatment for Metabolic Syndrome. Thus, while there is a scientific rationale and preliminary evidence, the strength of supporting data is moderate at best, and more rigorous clinical trials are needed.

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